Apparatus for casting open-work structures.



PATENTED APR. 19,1904.

R U r .1 B u- 1 2 v 5 7 0 N APPARATUS FOR CASTING OPEN WORK STRUCTURES. I

APPLIGATIOK FILED FEB. 10. 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

A WITNESSES:

A 7'TOHNE m "mugs mews co. aHoro-uwo msum No. 757,721. PATENTED APR. 19, 1904.

J. BIJUR.

APPARATUS FOR CASTING-OPEN WORK STRUCTURES. APPLIGATIOR FILED FEB. 10. 1903. no MODEL. e sums-slum 2.

lllll llllll N muunn -15 n I L N f pg h l i INVENTOR A TTOHNE YJ n4: nunms Pnzns co. PHGTO-UTND. vnsmmmm. a. c.

PATENTED APR; 19, 1904.

J. BIJUR.

APPARATUS FOR CASTING OPEN WORK smnc'runss.

.APiI-IOATION FILED FEB. 10. 1903.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H0 MODEL.

INVENTOI? WI TNESSES: @M/ZA A TTOHNE m' 1: Farms on. we

No.757,721. 1 PATENTED APR.19,1904. J.BIJUR.

APPARATUS FOR CASTING OPEN WORK STRUCTURES. urm ouxon rum) 21m. 10. 1903.

no MODEL. shuns-stand: 4.

WIT/058858; elk MENTOR AITORNEYJ Tu: mains Pzvzns cu. marmumn WASHWOTDN. r) c PATBNTED APR. 19, 1904.

J. BIJUR. APPARATUS FOR CASTING OPEN WORK STRUCTURES.

APPLIGATIGN FILED FEB. 10- 903.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

N0 MODEL.

, v Q Q w w an 3% av IN VEN TOR 170256;)?! 35%?!" WITNESSES.

A TTOHNE Yd anna PLTCHS no, vum'c-umu. WASHINGTON o. c,

N0.757,721. PATENTBD APR.19,1904..

J.BIJUR.

APPARATUS FOR CASTING OPEN WORK STRUCTURES. APPLICATION FILED PEB.10.190&

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

INVENTOH WITNESSES.

- MM Jase 37 v I B) I v .9 A UOHNEYJ 7:1: Romy: PETtRS :0. marcvuneo. wusumemu. 11 c PATENTED APR. .19, 1904. i

J. BIJUR. APPARATUSPOR CASTING OPEN WORK STRUCTURES.

APPLIOATIQK FILED FEB. 10. 1903.

a sun-1114111121 1;

H0 MODEL.

. w \k 6 J u Z INVENTOH 'A l WITNESSES:

Tu: Nonma mini 00.. moron-mu. wnsuwoww. 0. cr

' No. 751,721. PATEfiTED APR. 19, 1904.

J. BIJUR." APPARATUS FOR UASTINGOPEN WORK'STRUGTURES.

, APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10. 1903. 7

R0 MODEIQY B'BEEBTS-SHEET 8.

INVENTOR J0? e/ Zia 1; w

A TTOHNE Yd Patented April 19, 1904.

IUNiTEDJSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

osnrn BIJUR, on NEW YORK, r.

APPARATUS FLOR-CASTING OPEN-WORK STRUCTURES.

sPEoIFIcATIoN forming part or *LettersPatent No. 757,721, dated April 19, 1904.

- V Application'filed February 10, 1903. Serial No. 142,751. (No model.) I

To all whom, it flea/y concern:

Be it known that I, J osnrH Biron, a citiaen.

of the United States, and a residentof the borough othianhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and.

useful Improvements in Apparatus for Casting Open-VVork Structures, of which the fol:

lowing is a specification accompanied by drawings. My invention relatesto apparatus for easting open-work structures or grilles from lead or othersuitable material for making storagebattery platesand for other uses; and the objects of my invention are to enable such grilles to be readily and quickly cast by means. I A 1 p h Further objects of my invention are to avoid a multiplicity of fitting surfaces in the casting apparatus and render-the construction of the parts simple and at the same time strong and efficient in operation.

Further objects of my 1nvent1on-willl1ereinafter appear; and to these endsm-y'inven tion consists of apparatus for carrying out the above objects embodying the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts having the general mode of operation substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which v Figu're'1 is a front elevationfof hand-oper ated apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is-a front elevation or face view with the cover removed of hand-operated apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 3 is 'a detail View of the product to be cast or open-work structurein the form of agrille. Fig. at is a longitudinal sectional view of theapparatus on the line 2 2 of Fig. 2 or 6 6 of Fig. ti-with the pad-leavesof the mold thrust forward to their full extent. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view with the cover removed and with the movable pad and pad-leaves of the mold retracted, so thatthe pad-leaves are nearly withdrawn from between the ejector-bars. Fig. 6 1s a transverse sectional plan view on the line a i of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is an inner face View of the cover of the apparatus. Fig. 8 1s a transverse sectional plan view, partly practicable broken away, on the line 5 5 of Fig. 5, showing the mold openthat is, with the pad-block withdrawn. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one of the pad-leaves, partly broken away. Fig. 10 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of one of the ejector-bars. Fig. 11 is a perspective .view of one of the plates that separate the pad-leaves. Fig. 12- is a sideelevation, partlyin section, of one side of an automatic casting-machine embodying my invention. Fig. 13 is a plan view of the same. is a side elevation of the otherside of the machine. Fig. 15 is a transverse sectional view of the machine looking at the face of the mold. Fig. 16 is an enlargedface View of the frame of the mold. Fig. 17 is a side view of said frame shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a perspective View of. a portion of the slidable pad which. slides within the frame of the mold. Fig. 19'is aplan View of the mold. Fig. 20

Fig. 14

is a perspective view of the movable pad with v the pad-leaves, separating-plates, and ejectorbarsarranged in position therein to illustrate in the mold. Fig. 21 is a face viewof the mold in its frame. Fig-2'2 is a side view,

partly in section, of the mold inits frame the manner in which the parts are assembled and showing. the interiorconstruction of the frame-in dotted lines. 23 is a longitu,.

dinal sectional view of the mold and its frame on the line a: w of Fig. 21, the movable pad being thrust forward. between the ejector bars. Fig. 2a isalongitudinalsectional-yievp on the line :10 so of Fig.21 with the movable pad. nearly withdrawn from between the ejectorebars. Fig. .25 is a perspective view.

machine. Fig. 26 is; a perspective View of one of; the ejector-bars. Fig. 2'7 is a perspective view of one of the separating-plates.

Fig. 28is a perspective view of several of the of one of the pad-leaves used in the automatic view of thepump. Fig. 32 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same. Fig. 33 is a front View looking at the spout on the line y y of Fig. 32 and partly broken aw ay. Fig. 34 is a detail perspective view of the composite nozzle-plate. Fig. 35 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the valve adapted to be connected to the nozzle of the pump; and Fig. 36 shows enlarged detail end and side views of a portion of the brush-holder, showing the lost-motion connection for the brush-shank.

Referring to the drawings, in Fig. 3 is shown a typical casting in the form of a grille A, which will be described as comprising the strips B and the ribbonO, with intermediate spaces D. According to my invention the separate strips B of the casting are formed in the recesses B in the flat metal pieces or ejectorbars E, the outer edges of the rectangular lead strips B being formed by the flat cover F. The ejector-bars E are in this instance held stationary upon the main frame G by suitable means, shown as angle-pieces H, suitably secured to the frame, as by means of the screws 1. In between the ejector-bars E project the pad-leaves J, all of which are in this instance simultaneously movable. The pad-leaves J are shown as separate pieces suitably clamped together in the form of one pad-block, one leaf being separated from the next by means of the pad -leaf separators K. Pad-leaf covers L of considerable thickness cover the ends of the pad-block and form a seal for the metal at either end. The pad-leaf covers L, pad-leaves J, and separating-plates K are held as one piece to form the pad-block by suitable means, shown as the screws 0, which traverse all these different parts and clamp them tightly together. In order to afiford provision for the insertion of the screws 0, the pad-leaves J and separating-plates K are provided with the apertures P. The parts of the pad-block having been assembled, the whole is then attached by other screws Q to a back plate R, whose function is to enable the pad-block to be pushed forward and pulled back. The function of the pad-leaves J is to form the openings D in the lead casting, and for this purpose they are provided with separated tongues S, which project in between the notches or recesses B of the ejector-bars E. As shown, the tongues S are separated by the narrow notches T cut into the pad-leaves J and of the same depth as the recesses B in the ejector-bars E. By this means one lead rib-- bon C of the casting is connected with the next in the finished product, the notchesT permitting the metal to form the continuous ribbons C in the casting.

As herein described, the ejector-bars E are stationary, while the pad-leaves J are movable relatively thereto; but I am not be understood as limiting myself to this relative arrangement of the parts, as the apparatus may be constructed in different ways without departing from the spiritofmy invention. When the cover F is placed in front of the mold, as shown in Fig. 4, to close the mold, the material for casting is poured within the sprue- -hole U and falls down the channels V into the would not be feasible to endeavor to fill the material into a mold provided with such small crevices by means of a corner or gate, or even any number of such gates, as the metal would chill before it had run through many ofthe interstices. This difiiculty is overcome by arranging the sprues V in the cover F directly opposite the openings of the mold formed by the notches T and the long notches B in the ejector-bars E. The metal then need flow but little more than the thickness of the casting. In fact, even with this construction it has been found desirable to heat the entire mold and the cover to just below the melting-point of lead, while the lead to be poured inis highly superheated. According to the construction described the sprues are formed in the removable cover F, and they may be shaved ofi. with a knife when the cover is removed.

One of the important features of my improved casting apparatus resides in the fact that a seal is formed above and below the casting desired by the broad pad-leaf covers L, and a seal is formed at either side of the casting by the unnotched portions X of the ejector-bars and the top surfaces Y of the padleaves J. It may be stated that the spacing of the ejector-bars E need not be done by a separate series of separating-pieces K, permanently held in the main frame, because in any event the ejector-bars E always lie between the pad-leaves J, which latter are never withdrawn sufficiently to allow the ejector-bars to collapse toward one another. After the casting is made the cover is pried oif by hand by suitable means, as shown, a notch Z being formed in the cover for the insertion of a hand-lever. After the cover is removed the sprues are shaved off by a suitable knife, and the pad-block is pried back by any suitable means, as by the levers a, provided with the hooks b for insertion with the notches c in the pad-block, and the pad-block is pried back until the pad-leaves J have receded from out of the casting into the position of the parts shown in Fig. 5. Suitable stops d limit the backward movement of the pad-block. In order to eject the casting, the pad-block is again pushed forward, whereupon-the tongues S of the pad-leaves J no longer enter readily and easily within the apertures D in the casting, from which they have just been withdrawn, and therefore the casting is pushed forward and ejected from the mold.

According to my construction of mold the castings are produced in a practicable mannor, the construction is simple, strong, eflicient, a multiplicity of parts is entirely avoided, leakage is prevented in a simple tomatically controlled, and in carrying out the construction of the machine means are provided for bringing the especially-constructed mold up to a novel plate or nozzle through which lead is squirted by a properly-timed pump. After the casting has solidified the mold is withdrawn from the nozzle-plate, a knife shaves off the sprues, a brush brushes OK the chips from the knife, then the sprues and pad-leaves of the mold are automatically withdrawn, and finally they are pushed back again,

thus ejecting the finished casting from the mold. Y The machine then commences again in its cycle of operations, and the operation is repeated anew. At all times water is'squirted through the cored mold to chill it. 7

Referring now to Figs. 12 to 35, inclusive, f represents the bed of the automatic machine,

upon which are supported the frames g. The

driving-shaft h, which may be suitably driven by hand or from a motor t',.is connected by suitable means to drive the gear 3' upon themain shaft k, as shown, the driving-shaft it being provided with a worm Z and the gear 9' being a worm-gear meshing therewith. The main shaft 1 0' is connected to operate the crankshaft 0, as shown, there being a pinion n upon the main shaft meshing with a gear (1 upon the crank-shaft 0. The crank-shaft 0 is provided at one end with the crank a", and it is also provided with an adjustable cam 8, controlling the operation of the pump in the pot 2t. Any suitable means may be provided for operating the pump in the pot t and timing its operations to accord with the movements of the mold, as shown in this instance the pumpplunger it being connected to one end of the lever e, the other end of which is pivoted at w to an arm supported from the frame of the machine. A springa: normally tends to pull the pump end of the lever o downwardly, while, as shown, there is a roller y pivoted upon the lever and bearing upon the cam s. The cam is provided with a notch 2 and is angularl y adjustable about the ax is of the crank-' and raises and drops the pump-plunger through the operation of the lever o, and, as stated, the amount of travel of this plunger a and the length of time it is in its lowermost position are governed by the notch in the cam. A timing of the pump motion with relation to the mold motion is governed by the rotary adjustment of the cam-notch on its hub. The mold is carried upon the rocking carriage-arm 3, pivoted about the shaft i, suitably supported upon the bed f of the machine, and operative connections are provided for rock- 'ing the carriage-arm 3 by the rotation of the These operative connections.

crank-shaft 0. are constructed to afford provrsion for moving the mold up to the nozzle of the pump' and leaving the mold in such position for a portion of the revolutionof the crank-shaft 0,

and means are provided for varying the time at which the carriage-arm 3 and the mold are at rest during the revolution of the crankshaft 0. While various means may be provided for carrying out these objects, Ihave shown the crank 7 connected to the carriage-arm 3 by means of an adjustable rod 5, a spring 6, and an adjustable arm 7. By varying the length of the arm 7 the length of the arc of travel of the mold may be varied, and by varying the length of the connectingrod 5 the portion of a revolution during which the mold is at rest may be varied. By varyingthese two elementsthat is, the arm 7 and the connecting-rod 5 the apparatus may be adjusted and timed to a nicety.

According to the construction described the arm 7, connected to the carriage-arm 3, is provided with slots 8, through which the adjusting-screws 9 extend, so that the length of said arm may be varied. The outer end of 12. .The sleeve 12 and lock-nut 13 are adjustable along the rod 5, and the spring 6 normally tends to pull the pin 10 against the end of the sleeve .12, thus normally tending to pull the carriage-arm 3 toward the crank-pin- When the crank-shaft is rotated, the carriagearm 3 is rocked toward the pump through the operation of the strong spring 6, which, as shown, is connected to a portion of the carriage-arm. According to the construction described it will be seen that the connectingrod 5 is not rigidly connected to the carriagearm; but when the said carriage-arm hasbeen moved up to the pump and the mold is pressing against the nozzle-plate the connectingrod 5 is free to slide relatively to the carriagearm, in this case the spring simply being placed under increased tension. Upon the re- &

against the nozzle-plate of the pot. As shown,

the carriage-arm is counterbalanced by the weight l i,carried upon the arm 15,connected to the carriage-arm, the weight being adjustable, and the angular position of the arm being also adjustable to make the counterbalancing perfect. The carriage-arm 3 is provided in this instance with two finished surfaces 16, to which as many molds as may be desired are secured. The construction of mold is in all essential particulars substantially like the construction of mold shown and described in connection with the manually-operated apparatus, provision being afforded in the automatic machine for automatically retracting the padleaves J and for pushing them forward again to eject the casting.

As shown in Fig. 23, the mold comprises the frame 17, provided with the water-passage 18, with which the pipes 19 connect in order to water-cool the mold. WVithin the frame 17 the pad-block slides, comprising, as before, the pad-leaves J, the separating-plates K, the pad-covers L, and the backing-plate R, as shown, the different portions of the padblockbeing secured together as by means of suitable screws Q. In this instance the backing-plate R is extended and provided with a recessed portion or aperture 20, within which the upper end of the pivoted lever 21 operates to withdraw the pad-block, the movement of which is limited by the stop 22.

The ejector-bars E, as before, are provided with the recesses B and their outer ends are also recessed at 23, so that when the said ejector-bars are assembled in the mold and inter leaved between the pad-leaves J the notches or recesses 23 afford provision for securing the blocks or plates 24 therein, thus preventing both endwise and inward and outward movement of the ejector bars. Likewise strips or bars 25 are suitably secured at the ends of the ejector-bars E.

In the perspective view shown in Fig. 20 the pad-block and ejector-bars E are shown assembled, with the pad-leaves thrust for" wardly between the ejector-bars, a detail of this construction being shown in perspective in Fig. 28. It is obvious, however, that in assembling the parts of the apparatus the padblock is first thrust within the casting or frame 17 and then the ejector-bars are interleaved between the pad-leaves. The frame 17 and pad-block and ejector-bars having been assembled, the whole is placed within the upper end of the carriage-arm 3, as shown in Fig.

15, and suitably secured in position, as by the screws 26.

Small hubs 27 on the carriage-arm 3 above and below the mold serve as guides for the rods 28, which in turn carry the shaving-knife 29, that cuts off the sprues. The rods 28 at one end are fastened into the casting 30, which is connected by a short link 31 to the end of a bell-crank lever 32, pivoted on the stud 33,- which is connected to the carriage-arm. On the shorter end of the bell-crank lever 32 there is a roller 34, provided with a spherical periphery 35, this roller, as shown, sliding in a cam-slot 36 in a plate 37, fastened to the bed f of the machine. The backward motion of the carriage-arm 3 forces the roller 3& to descend in following the slot 36, thus moving the upper end of the bell-crank 32 outwardly and moving the plate 30, into which the ends of the kniferods are fastened, outwardly. thereby drawing the knife 29 across the face of the mold to cut off the sprues. The knife is pressed fiat against the face of the mold by spring-washers or other suitable means mounted on the studs 38, carried on the knife-rods 28.

Means are provided for pushing the particles of material from the knife during an interval in whichthe knife rests at the end of its stroke after having moved across the face of the mold and cut 05 the sprues. The attachment for actuating the brush 38 is mounted in this instance upon the cast-iron piece 30, which holds the knife-rods 28, and the construction of the brush mechanism is such that as the carriage-arm 3 moves backward the brush 38 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 14. downwardly across the knife 29. Then a slight twist or turn is given to the brush, moving it clear of the knife and out of contact with the same, so that upon the upward movement of the brush contact is not made with the knife and the knife-edge is left clean and free from particles.

Any suitable mechanism may be provided for carrying out these objects, as shown, the block 39 being pivoted to the casting upon the pivot-pin 40, so that the block is'free to revolve in a direction generally parallel to the plane of the knife. The shank 41 of the brush in this instance extends through the block 39 and is pivoted therein, so that the brush is free to turn through a limited angle about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis 40, about which the brush as a whole revolves. A pin 42, Fig. 36, is connected to the shank 41, and the stops 13 and 44 limit the angle through which the shank il may revolve about its longitudinal axis. A short stud 4:5 is suitably connected to the shank ll of the brush, and a loose link 46 extends down and is connected to the bed of the machine at 17 for actuating the brush. As the carriage-arm 3 moves backward, the link 46, pulling upon the stud of the shank of the brush, causes the said shank to rotate through its limited angle, thus bring it of chips.

against the small stud 45 on the brush-shank 41. The first effect of the push of the link 46 is to rot-ate the shank il and the brush about its longitudinal axis andbring the pin 42 "against the stop 43, thus lifting the brush clear of the knife. Further movement of the carriage-arm then pushes the brush-shank and brush about the axis 40, thereby rotating the brush to its upright position without touching the knife. During the upward and forward movement of the carriage-arm 3 the knife 29 is moved back to its original position in readiness for agaln cutting off the .sprues. The knife is moved backward, as described, as the small spherical roller 34 moves upwardly in the cam-slot 36.

As hereinbefore stated, a cam-lever 21, suitably pivoted at A8 upon the carriage-arm 3, is provided with a downwardlyrextending arm 49, and asuitable spring 50,mountedrigidly on the carriage, bears atits outer end upon aflattoned projecting portion of the pivot 4:8, tending normally to maintain the lever21 in the position shown in Figs. 12 and 17. It will be seen that by rotating the lever 21 about its axis 4C8 against the tension of the spring 50 the pad-block will be withdrawn from the mold. A suitable stop, shown as a rounded piece of metal 51, is provided upon a support 52, secured upon the bed of the machine, and as the. carriage-arm moves backward the tail of the lever 21 bears upon the stop 51 and the lever is rotated about its axis 48, thus withdrawing thepad-block. When the carriagearm hasmoved sufficiently for the cores to have been withdrawn the proper distance and with the proper degree of leverage, the tail of the lever 21 trips over the fixed stop 51, and then the lever 21 is snapped back under the influence of the spring 50 to its normal position. The pad-block is then free to be pushed forward again to the position it occupied when the carriage-arm began to move away from the spout Suitable means are provided for returning the pad-block, asshown, a pad-stop 53 being provided upon the bed of the machine. The end 54: of the pad block moves into contact with the stop 53 toward the end of the backward movement of the carriage-arm, with the result that the pad-block is pushed into the mold to eject the casting. The continued rotation of the crank-shaft othen draws up the carriage-arm and mold back against the nozzle-plate of the machine with the mold in conditi n to receive the next squirt of metal. As shown the pad-stop 53 is adjustable longitudinall y men the bed f of the machine, the

screws 55, working in the slots 56 of the padstop, permitting such adjustment, so that the time in the backward stroke of the carriagearm at which the pad-block abuts against the pad-stop may be varied. As shown, the stop 51is1also ad ustable. The potz in this instance is a single casting and contains the pump-cylinder 60: There is a channel 61,

leading to the nozzle 62 of the pot, which is arranged at such an angle that it is parallel to thefaceof the mold when the latter is in position to receive the molten metal. The nozzle is held in position in any suitable manner, as by means of the screw 63, for supporting the nozzle from the nozzle-plate frame 6 1, whose function is tomaintain the pot in alimement. At the back the pot-nozzle is provided with an aperture 65 and aplug 66, which may be withdrawn from the aperture tofallow'the dross in the nozzle to be cleaned out? In the top of the nozzle is a tube 68, adapted to be connected with an air-valve 69.

(Shown in Fig. 35.) This valve is designedto admit air tothe nozzle when thepump-plunger rises, so that the lead may recede freely from the back of the nozzle-plate 70; but when the pump descends the valve is closed and neither lead nor air'can get through to the valvetube. were connected with 'it.' On the suctionstroke of the pump the lead in the nozzle would tend to remain there, since the melted lead has sealed all the vents, so that no air could reach the nozzle-chamber to permit thelead'to descend without causing a vacuum. The valve permits air to reach the nozzlechamber in this way, and therefore allows the lead in it to recede coincident with the upstroke of the pump.

The nozzle-plate '70 is a composite plate, the inner or: back half of which consists of a bronze plate 71 with two bronzelugs 7 2 extending backwardly through slots in the spout. The front face 73 of the nozzle-plate, in this instance is of steel. The steel plate is riveted upon the bronze plate, and the composite plate thus formed is firmly secured, as by means of screws, to the'nozzle. The nozzleplate is perforated with several rows of inwardly-tapered holes 75 in order -to enable the sprues to be readily withdrawn from'the nozzle.

The function of the inner bronze half of the nozzle-plate and its lugs is as follows: The flame from the burner 74 plays upon the lugs 72, which being of highly-conducting material readily heat the flat bronze plate to such a temperature that the molten metal freely runs off it and does not solidify upon it. On the other hand, the metal in the tapered apertures 75 must be sufiiciently solid to withdraw therefrom with the casting. The outer steel plate '73 is cooler than the inner bronze half 71, thus permitting the lead in the apertures 7 5 to solidify. The steel So far thenozzle acts as if no valve plate 7 3 also prevents the mold from becoming overheated, since steel is a much poorer conductor of heat than bronze. function of the plate 73 is to prevent the cool mold from chilling the bronze plate too much. Both the plates 71 and 73 may be constructed of materials other than those specified, I having mentioned the bronze or steel or iron as suitable materials, of which many others may be found. It is desirable to avoid excessive heating of the body of the nozzle, and this end is accomplished in this instance by heating the nozzle through the medium of the conducting bronze lugs 72 instead of heating the nozzle itself. The pot itself is heated by the main burner 76, which maintains the lead just above its meltingpoint and yet not sufficiently hot to permit it to oxidize or to cause it to cool slowly when squirted into the mold. In this instance the bronze lugs 72 are caused to be heated by two burners 7 4, independent of the pot-burner 76, so that the lugs 72 may be considerably hotter than the body of the pot t.

The operation of the machine may be briefly recapitulated as follows: The pot 6 being filled with lead and brought to the proper-temperature and the parts of the apparatus being also at suitable temperatures, power is applied to drive the main shaft, and through the operative connections described the carriagearm 3 is moved upwardly and forwardly until the mold is brought tightly against the face of the nozzle-plate 70. For a portion of the revolution of the crank r the mold is left against the nozzle-plate 70, and the pump is so timed that the pump plunger is moved downwardly under the action of the spring 00 to squirt the molten metal into the mold. The carriage-arm is thereafter moved backwardly, and in the course of its backward movement the knife 29 is moved across the face of the mold, scraping off the sprues. While the knife remains at the farthermost position of its stroke the brush 38 is moved down across the knife to clean it of chips. The carriage-arm 3 continuing to move backward, the pad-block is retracted and then pushed forward again at the end of the backward stroke of the carriage-arm to eject the finished casting. As the carriage-arm again moves forward to receive the next charge of material the brush 38 is moved upwardly to normal position and the knife is retracted to be in readiness to again scrape across the face of the casting.-

It will be seen that by imparting a continuous rotary motion to the main shaft and crank-shaft an intermittent motion is given to the carriage-arm, and means are provided for holding the carriage-arm tightly up against thenozzle while the metal is being squirted into the mold, and means are provided for properly timing the metal-squirting pump. The apparatus is constructed to afford provi- Another sion for the unused metal to run back from the inside of the nozzle and away from the back of the nozzle-plate. After withdrawing the mold, casting, and attached sprues from the nozzle-plate the subsequent mechanical operations, it will be seen, are carried out through the movements of the carriage-arm alone.

It will thus be seen that according to my invention my improved mold for casting openwork structures comprises, essentially, series of relatively movable interleaved plates, one series having recesses therein and the other series being provided with tongues. While I have chosen to term certain parts of my mold pad-leaves and ejector-bars, I am not to be understood as limiting myself in any particular by these terms, for they are to be understood in a general sense, and it is conceivable that many difierent forms of pad-leaves and ejector-bars may be devised for carrying out the objects of my invention.

With my improved construction of mold I avoid the great difficulty which would be found in making the numerons fine rectangular slits in the bottom of a mold and fitting the numerous tongues thereto, which would be necessary with a mold in which the tongues projected through apertures in the bottom of the mold. The tongues would have to be fitted on all four sides of each one, while in my construction I can readily take up wear, and, as hereinbefore stated, there is no tendency to jam.

By varying the length of the arm 7 and of the connecting-rod in proportion the bearing of the latter on the arm 7 may be made to have a motion to and fro exactly equal to that of the crank-pin, in which case the mold does not remain at rest for any substantial part of a revolution. By shortening the arm 7 and connecting-rod 5 the distance traveled by the bearing on the arm 7 becomes less than the to-and-fro motion of the crank-pin, so that the main carriage-arm is at rest for such portion of a revolution as is consumed by the crank-pin in receding from and approaching the bearing on arm 7 while at a distance frcm the latter greater than the length of the r0 5.

Obviously some features of my invention may be used without others, and my invention may be embodied in widely varying forms.-

Therefore, without limiting myself to the construction shown and described nor enumerating equivalents, I claim, and desire to obtain by Letters Patent, the following:

1. A mold for casting open-Work structures, comprising series of relatively movable interleaved plates, one series having recesses therein and the other series being provided with tongues, both said series of plates being of greater length than the casting, whereby the comprising relatively movable series of padleaves having tongues, and recessed bars ,in-

terleaved between said pad-leaves, both said series of pad-leaves and bars being of greater length than the casting, whereby the metal is prevented from leaking around the ends of the leaves and bars, for substantially the purposes set forth. .7

3. A mold for casting open-workstructures, comprising a series of recessed bars, separated by plates having tongues, the notches betweenthe tongues being of substantially the same depth as the recesses in the bars, and the unnotched top surfaces of the plates cooperating with the unrecessed ends of the bars, to form a seal at each side of the casting, the bars and plates being movable relatively to'each other, for substantially the purposes set forth.

4:. Arnold for casting open-work structures, comprising a series of recessed bars, separated by plates having tongues, the ends of which tongues are flush with the tops of the bars, the notches between the tongues being of substantially the same depth as the recesses in the bars, and the plates being movable relatively to the hars,whereby the tongues maybe withdrawn from between the recessed portions of said bars, for substantially the purposes set forth.

5, A mold for casting open-work structures comprising a series of recessed bars separated by plates having tongues, the notches between the tongues being of substantially the same depth as the recesses in the bars, the bars and plates being movable relatively to each other, and a removable cover having sprues therein, for substantially the purposes set forth.

6. A mold for castingopen-work structures comprising a series of recessed bars separated by plates having tongues, the notches between the tongues being of substantially the same depth as the recesses in the bars, the bars and plates being movable relatively to each other, and a removable cover having sprues therein arranged opposite the notches in the said plates to aiford provision for rapidly filling all parts of the mold with metal, for substantially the purposes set forth.

7. A mold for casting open-work structures, consisting of a pad-block, comprising padleaves having tongues, and bars interleaved between the same, said bars having recesses of substantially. the same depth as the length of the tongues, and the bars being of greater length than the pad-leaves, to afford provision for securing the bars to the frame of the mold, the pad-block being movable relativelyto the bars, whereby the tongues on the pad-leaves may be withdrawn from between the recessed portions of the bars, for substantially the purposes set forth.

. V 8. .A mold for casting open-work structures comprising a series of pad leaves having tongues formed in one edge by notches, and bars interleaved between said pad-leaves, and. each provided with a continuous and uniformly-deep recess extending substantially the length of the notched portions of the padleaves and of substantially the same depth as said notches, the pad-leaves and bars being movable relatively to each other, for substantially the purposes set forth.

'9. A mold for casting open-workstructures comprising a frame provided with substantially parallel bars each having a continuous and uniformly-deep recess, and a pad-block comprising a backing-plate provided with padleaves having tongues arranged between the recessed portions of the bars, the frame and pad-block being relatively movable, for substantially the purposes set forth;

' 10. A mold for casting open-work structures, comprising pad-leaves, a portion of each of which is provided with tongues separated by notches, there being an unnotched top space at each side of the tongues, and ejectorbars interleaved between the pad-leaves, and each bar provided with'a recessed portion having an unrecessed portion at either side of the recess, the unrecessed portions of the ejector-' bars cooperating with the unnotched top surfaces'of the pad-leaves, to form a seal for the relatively to each other, for substantially the purposes set forth.

11. In a casting-machine, the combination of a nozzle and means for forcing molten metal therethrough, a mold for casting open-work structures comprising series of relatively movable' interleaved plates, one-series having recesses therein and the other series being provided with tongues, means for automatically bringing said mold up to the nozzle and with- 7 drawing it therefrom, means for shearing oif the sprues as the mold is withdrawn from the nozzle, and means for brushing the chips from the shearing-knife, for substantially the purposes set forth.

12. In a casting-machine, the combination with a nozzle and means for forcing molten metal therethrough, of a mold for casting open-work structures comprising series of relatively movable interleaved plates, one series having recesses therein and the other series being provided with tongues, means for automatically moving the series of plates having tongues from between the recessed plates, and then inserting said plates between the recessed plates again to eject the casting as the mold is Withdrawn, for substantially the purposes set fprth.

13. In a casting-machine, the combination with a nozzle and means for forcing molten metal therethrough, of a crank-shaft and crank, a carriage-arm carrying a mold, a .rod

for moving the pad-leaves and ejector-bars connected to the crank and slidable in a bearing relatively to the carriage-arm, and a spring connecting the carriage-arm with the crank, whereby provision is afforded for permitting the mold to rest at the nozzle during a portion of a revolution of the crank, for substantially the purposes set forth.

14. In a casting-machine, the combination with a nozzle and means for forcing molten metal therethrough, of a crankshaft and crank, a carriage-arm carrying a mold, a rod connected to operate the carriage-arm from the crank-shaft in one direction and a spring connected to the crank-arm for operating the carriage-arm in the other-direction,' whereby provision is afforded for permitting the mold to rest at the nozzle during a portion of a revolution of the crank, for substantially the purposes set forth.

15. In a casting-machine, the combination with a nozzle and means for forcing molten metal therethrough, of a crankshaft and crank, a rocking carriage-arm carrying a mold, an adjustable rod connecting the carriage-arm and the crank-shaft, means for adjusting the distance of the connection of said rod with the carriage-arm from the pivot of said arm, and a spring connecting the carriage-arm with the crank, for substantially the purposes set forth.

16. In a casting-machine, the combination witha. pump and plunger for the molten metal, of a nozzle and nozzleplate thereon, and a valve connected with said nozzle and constructed to admit air to the nozzle as the pump-plunger rises, whereby the metal may freely recede from the back of the nozzle-plate on the suction of the plunger, for substantially the purposes set forth.

17. In a casting-machine, the combination with a pump and plunger for the molten metal, of a nozzle and nozzle-plate thereon, and a valve communicating with said nozzle and constructed to close when the plunger descends, and open to the atmosphere when the plunger rises, whereby the metal may'freely recede from the back of the nozzle-plate on the suction of the plunger, for substantially the purposes set forth. I

18. A mold for casting open-work structures, having relatively movable series of plates provided with tongues, and recessed bars interleaved between said plates, the depth of said recesses being constant, for substantially the purposes set forth.

19. In a casting-machine, the combination of a pivot-ed carriage-arm, actuating mechanism therefor, adjustable connections between said mechanism and the carriage-arm, and means for varying the distance of said connections from the pivot of the carriage-arm, for substantially the purposes set forth.

20. In a castingmachine, the combination of a movable mold, rotary actuating mechanism therefor, and means for adjusting the proportion of a revolution of said actuating mechanism occupied in actuating the mold, for substantially the purposes set forth.

21. Anozzle-plate foramelting-pot, having its inner face of highly-conducting material heated to a materially higher temperature than its outer face of a poorer conducting material, whereby the metal is prevented from chilling on the inner face while caused to chill on the outer face, for substantially the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscrib- 

